Потребител:Riobutorijf1973

The man - a male person, one of the two sexes within the kind of people (people of the opposite sex is called a woman), and - an adult male (as opposed to a boy, boys).

Different words for men

Up to 13-15 years old - a boy, a teenager. After reaching maturity boy called boys, guy, young man, and later in life - a man. A man may be married, then he called my husband (wife). The man is the father (dad) in relation to their children and grandfather (grandfather) to the grandchildren. The word "grandfather" is also used to refer to all older men, regardless of the grandchildren. The old man - a coarser name men of advanced age. Other kinship terms for men, see "Relationship".

Genetic determination of sex

Karyotype men using color Romanovsky-Giemsa. In mammals, including humans, male heterogametic. Male chromosome set contains two different sex chromosomes, designated X and Y. (For exceptions to their rules - see Intersexuality) Sperm with a haploid set of chromosomes (half set in other cells) contain either only X, or only the Y-chromosome. The sex of the baby depends on the kind of sex chromosome carries the sperm, as all eggs carry the X chromosome. This leads to the development of various anatomical features of men: The presence of male sex glands, the testes, which produce male gametes, sperm. The development of primary sexual characteristics of the penis and scrotum, in the human embryo. The development of secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, which is associated with higher levels of the male sex hormone testosterone in the blood. Specialty of medicine that deals with diseases of men, is called andrology. In general, men are susceptible to the same diseases as women, but there are some diseases that are specific to gender as well as the distribution of certain diseases correlated with gender. Examples are color-blindness, and other hereditary diseases linked to the X chromosome. At the same time, resulting in the evolution antagonicheskoy floors, on male sexual Y-chromosome genes were only associated with sexually dimorphic. Since the probability of a fatal "blow" on it from the X-chromosome is three times higher than the possibility of a similar effect of the Y-chromosome, so to prevent serious conflicts with the X-chromosome, men's Y-chromosome is forced to "turn off" the set of genes that are not currently encode any proteins. Over 300 million years of continuous "arms race" with the X chromosome, Y-chromosome from the original 1,438 men lost 1,393 genes.

Development

The scheme of the male reproductive system: 1. Bladder 2. The pubis 3. Penis 4. Cavernosum 5. Head 6. Foreskin 7. The urethra 8. Sigmoid colon 9. Rectum 10. Seminal vesicles 11. Ejaculatory duct 12. The prostate is 13. Bulbourethral gland 14. Anus 15. The vas deferens 16. The epididymis 17. Testicles 18. Scrotum In the development of the boy under the influence of male hormones gradually formed the primary and secondary sexual characteristics. Primary sex characteristics appear more during fetal development. Puberty - the formation of secondary sexual characteristics and the launch of the reproductive system - the boys usually begins around the age of 14 (later than girls). The complex processes that occur in the body during puberty, can not be explained only by changes in the genitals. Vigorously develop the entire body, with the increased work load of the internal organs, the nervous system is rebuilt, changing the mentality and character. By the time of puberty is finally formed reproductive system, there is a maturity of judgment, the desire for independence. Sexual feeling is manifested amorousness, courtship and desire for sexual intimacy. The onset of puberty is characterized by the ability to sexuality and fertility. Puberty lasts an average of 40 years. At this time, the activities of the most active men, then gradually subside. In the natural course of development and decay of sexual activity, men can be some variation. Sexual development and maturation may start earlier or later, the active period can be longer or shorter, old age comes earlier or later. These features depend on genetic predisposition, health, nature, nutrition, social conditions, climate, etc. Secondary sexual characteristics appearing in adult men During puberty, men are usually physically stronger, taller and heavier than females. The man is well developed muscular system, already pelvis, wider shoulder belt, dominated by phrenic type of breathing. Men, unlike women, pubic hair growing up in a diamond shape, going to the navel. The coat has a varying thickness on the face, chest and other parts of the body. The man's voice is lower and sharp than in women. The gait of a man is usually more angular and sharp.

Gender stereotypes ("male psychology")

It is believed that men are more likely than women inherent in the will, courage, stamina, endurance, rationality, courage, consistency, militancy, persistence, determination, ability to soberly assess the validity, summarize some facts, and that men are more active, businesslike, have a tendency to authoritarianism, tend to work with the elements of risk. At the same time, they have less than that of women, developed verbal skills and intuition. At the same time, many are inclined to believe that the qualities of a cultural tradition ascribes to men, and that not always they are the characteristic features of the personality of man. Please be aware that each man has his own individual character, formed under the influence of various social and genetic factors.

Male Pelvis

Female and male pelvis are different. Thus, the obturator foramen of the pelvis is wider in females, their flank bone is oval in shape. Male Pelvis, by contrast, is quite high, narrow and cramped. The most important sign of distinction - is the angle of the joint pubic bone. In the female pelvis it has an angle of 90 °, and 60 ° - in men. Also, different shape of the skull. Only the skull show a distinctly male bulge above the eye sockets. Women and men differ in the proportion of the fingers. The man is usually the ring finger is longer than your index. Women long finger ring, or at least the same length. The accepted hypothesis sees the reason for the difference in the length of the fingers influence that testosterone in the womb. The appearance of men's skin (more oily and with larger pores than women) depends mainly due to hormonal differences: the large thickness of the skin in men and increased secretion of the sebaceous glands. In men's thick skin over high water retention capacity, which allows the skin look supple and smooth. Increased sebum production is responsible for a sufficient amount of moisture in the skin and for the composition of so-called hydro-lipid film. This film controls the water content in the deeper layer prevents dehydration and makes the skin smooth and elastic. In addition, men's skin is less prone to wrinkles. Wrinkles appear later in men than in women, and as a rule, are not small creases and deeper "grooves." Due to the increased production of sebum, especially in young men, is the frequent appearance of blackheads and acne. They arise when the sebum along with necrotic skin cells closes the pores of the skin. Irritation has lead to the colonization of bacteria and the appearance of inflammatory pustules.

Reconstruction of the Cro-Magnon

Man, like all higher primates, demonstrates in his masculine half of certain behavioral characteristics due to gender, in particular the tendency to conquer the leadership group and the construction of a hierarchy between relatives, are fighting for influence men's group-a coalition. Also, the human race is inherent in polygamy, monogamy with occasional associated with the harsh way of life in the Pleistocene. At the time, the main occupation was hunting and gathering on the vast expanses of savannah, these activities, especially hunting, largely depended on luck and luck, the meat can not be stored for long periods, as family semi-nomadic and mutually support each other: all of the above did not help accumulation of surplus food and wealth required to maintain polygamous families with many children. In particular, among the nation Aka Pygmies of the Central African Republic, only about 15% have more than one wife, the percentage of a typical modern of primitive tribes who live by hunting and gathering. Overriding the primitive human monogamy is the direct cause of the increase in height and weight of women, not much inferior to the male - this feature is peculiar to all monogamous animals as well - the emergence of "hidden" ovulation (absent in chimpanzees). In particular chimpanzees living in a relatively favorable conditions of tropical forests, the female is much smaller than the male harems and practiced. Among other things, the popularity of the young men and beautiful women distinguishes humans from chimpanzees, which are ready to mate with any female elderly, without distinction of age. This sexy men's fastidiousness is not peculiar to other primates, is a consequence of the appearance of a man highly developed intellect and a long period, which was required for the training of children: it meant life-long marriage, which was the most biologically rational in the circumstances. Therefore a man chooses the best companion possible, since frequent changes of partners inevitably would reduce the survival of offspring. Another advantage of this was the emergence of a strong alliance of food cooked over a fire, and the consequent division of labor between the sexes. Woman, supporting home, a man could regularly provide easily digestible food, and at the same time hope his protection from attacks on her food cooked other members of the genus. The transition of humanity to agriculture and cattle breeding allowed the man to have multiple wives, in turn, led to the emergence of urban civilization return to monogamy.

Appeal to men

In countries around the world have adopted different management options to man (person Mr.). In English-speaking countries, the most common treatment of Mr. (born Mister; in the letter - Mr.) In Germany - Herr. In Russia used reference by name, first name and patronymic, either: gender: the citizen, man, young man, father, grandfather, uncle, father, zhargy. - "Commander," obsolete. sir. To the special noble titles accessed by the title: Prince, Count; in everyday speech, in a written statement, Sir, (followed by surname); gender-neutral, socialist-kommmunisticheskoe: Comrade (highlights belonging to the "masses" do not appeal to the individual, not to the individual). the child to his father, dad, etc. In Spain - senor. In the western Slavic countries made contact "pan".

"Man" and "man" in English

In many languages, the same word means both man and man in general, such as: English. man, Fr. homme, Rus. young people (Referring to a man), etc.

Associated with sex gestural symbols

In Japan, the familiarity gesture, meaning "man", as the "father", "boss" or "lover" is rectified thumb on the exposed front of the hand, when folded into a fist with your other fingers. Similar to the western gesture of approval (also available in Japan, as a youth loan). In the Russian sign language word "man" expresses a short two-side swing-touch forehead above the eyebrow finger lying on the thumb with the other fingers are clenched.

 

Associated with the floor graphic symbols

The symbol of the planet Mars - ♂, named after the Roman god of war, is also used to refer to male bisexual beings. Yang - the masculine in ancient Chinese philosophy, embodying white, light, male, focus on the external. Masculine Yang is in close and indivisible connection with Yin - feminine, which represents black, female, focus on the internal. When building a genealogical scheme in medical genetics squares represent men (and women - circles). In popular culture rooted association of male with blue: in some countries, adopted at birth a baby to buy for a boy blue (blue), and for girls pink (red) or a diaper tape.

The role of women in society

Men's mythological images: 1. Hercules - the ideal of male power; 2. Apollo - the ideal of male beauty Historically, in most cultures, men have more rights and enjoyed great prestige in society than women. This tradition enshrined in the regulations and common world religions. In many ways, this is due to the fact that for a woman in connection with the birth and upbringing of children the basic life goals were exclusively within the family. Currently, in many Western countries (mainly in Europe, as well as in the U.S.) there is a tendency to equalize the rights of women and men. The changes that have taken place in relation to the woman in the XX century in the West, most clearly characterized by processes such as the sexual revolution and the activation of feminism as the most organized manifestation of the desire for equality between men and women.

The man in the Russian myths and sayings

Old Slavic god of mythological motifs create the first people to have survived the test of a Russian proverb: "bake from the same cloth", attributable to people, similar in thought and action. According to another myth, preserved in fairy stories, the first man was cut from the trunk of a tree, or born out of logs, lying in the cradle: hence the popular expression "loon", "uncouth oaf." To have a mythological story about how God sewed the first people of the skin using the same template, but for stitching men pulled too long string, so it was left to hang out at the end of the crotch. A woman remained nezashitoy since threads are not enough. Finally, the saying "Idle - half a person," and the phrase "second half" (the wife or husband) can rise to the legend of the first East Slavic people who were hatched from eggs laid by Eve. But before that, the god sliced ​​the eggs into two halves and thrown from the sky. On Earth, one of the two halves of the eggs were born a man and a woman who were meant for each other, and engage in a happy marriage. But some halves were in swamps or in deep ravines, and died there. That is why, as if some people can not find a matching pair, and remain alone. In other sayings reflect women's priorities, aimed not at the external data man, and the mind and responsibility, "Man, if just a little kazistee trait - a handsome man," "Why man is cheap? - Because that is stupid, "" On a beautiful look good, easy to live with a clever "," Though bad husband, but my Zatula; flunked for it - not afraid of anyone, "etc.

The image of a man in the art of

At all times, the image of men acted as a heroic character, for capturing an object in the visual arts. Here are just some of the famous works of art depicting a man and / or a dedicated man In the painting The Creation of Adam In music: "Combat (song)" In the movie: The Taming of the Shrew In the sculpture of David (Michelangelo) In the literature: The Odyssey

Holidays

International Men's Day (19 November) World Men's Day (first Saturday of November) Father's Day (in different countries - the date of the celebration vary) Defender of the Fatherland Day (23 February) in practice in Russia is celebrated as a day of men (as opposed to other male holidays in Russia nobody notes)

Interesting Facts

In 1995, the Research Center of taste and smell (Chicago) under the direction of Alan Hirsch, experiments were conducted to find fragrances that lead men to love mood. To obtain the results plethysmograph was used for the penis, which measures the intensity of the blood flow in the erogenous zone. It turned out that the most exciting fragrance for men is the smell of pumpkin pie, in second place - the smell of donuts with liquorice. The biblical phrase "Adam's rib", part of the body men out of which God created woman, according to a study of Gilbert and Zevita probably originally could mean "penis" (a word that is not in Hebrew) - more precisely, penile bone. Penile bone is present in all non-human primates and spider monkeys.